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What Are HTML & CSS?

When you pull out your phone or open your laptop, chances are you are going to a website or using an app. This happens multiple times a day, and with 6 billion users across the globe, that is a lot of internet traffic. Creating mobile applications and websites is an exciting and creative career that is in high demand and pays well.

How are webpages and mobile apps created? What do Web Designers and Web Developers use to build functional, attractive, interactive websites? They start with HTML and CSS. Over the last thirty years, these two tools have become central to webpage design and development, and if you want to pursue a career building websites this is the place to start.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) provide the foundational structure for modern web pages and application design and development. Together, they communicate directly with web browsers and inform those programs how to display and format text, graphics, and images on webpages. HTML and CSS are not technically programming languages, although they are often referred to that way because they are used to communicate with software and are so important for learning to write code and design websites. These languages are almost as old as the publicly available internet, with HTML being developed in 1993 and CSS initially released in 1996. Since then, they have become the default for creating the skeletons of webpages. HTML determines the structure, and CSS describes the design. While more complex programming languages like JavaScript now exist to add necessary interactivity and more elaborate features to webpages, these languages are vital for anyone hoping to work in web development or software engineering.

What is HTML?

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. HTML is used to mark up (label or tag) content like headings, paragraphs, images, links, lists, or form elements to inform a web browser how it should distinguish one line of text from another. Without HTML tags to label something, how would you know what a piece of text is? Is it a heading, or is it a paragraph? You tag it so browsers know what it is and how to display it.

HTML provides the instructions that separate the header of a section from the subheadings and body text. By defining a good content structure for the webpage with headings, subheadings, and paragraphs, you are making your content accessible to search engines such as Google and Bing. This is called Search Engine Optimization (SEO). Optimized websites appear higher in the search engine rankings than poorly optimized sites. This means that your website will appear near the top of the page, and people are more likely to click on it when they are looking at the results page.

HTML is also used to create hyperlinks between web pages or other websites. Links let users navigate from page to page to access more information on a topic in a different document, take action like filling out a form, or watch videos. Links are a way to give website users added value on a website. This builds authenticity and trust for a website.

Web Designers and Web Developers have made HTML a development standard because it is easy to learn, accessible, flexible, and widely supported. HTML is a good place to start when learning to code. It runs on all web browsers, is open-source, and totally free to use. It's been around for a long time and has a strong community behind it. HTML also integrates smoothly with other web development languages like Node.js.

What is CSS?

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. Web Designers use CSS to set a webpage's style, layout, and color to create the right look for a brand or purpose. CSS sets the font, size, and color of type. It also defines the page's layout, determining the size, spacing, backgrounds, and alignment. CSS can load custom fonts (from services such as Google Fonts and Adobe Fonts), create color gradients, add drop shadows and round corners, and is vital to making a good-looking webpage. CSS is the language that tells a browser in what font, size, and color to display all of the elements of the text on the page and tells the browser how to change those displays depending on whether the user is accessing the website on a laptop, tablet, or smartphone.

In the early days of the internet, HTML was the only language found on the web. Early webpages built with HTML were static. They had no movement or action and everything had to be meticulously coded. Enter CSS. CSS improves website accessibility and ensures the layout looks good across screen sizes, since so many users view the same webpage on various displays. Web Designers use CSS to build responsive websites that look good on phones, tablets, and laptops/desktops with CSS media queries that define rules to change the layout to make it look better on specific screen sizes.

More advanced uses of CSS include creating animation transitions to improve website usability. Changes in the style properties of a website element, such as a button getting bigger or a drop shadow fading in when you hover over it, lets a user know that something is happening or they need to take an action. CSS can go even further, creating more complex animations. Another plus of CSS is that many animations are available as free snippets or templates.

Why Learn HTML & CSS?

HTML/CSS provide the structure of most web applications, so learning to use them is necessary before creating unique and functional websites. These languages make up the baseline structure of a web application, the skeleton so to speak. Plus, these foundational languages have become so common over the last thirty years that most other programming languages built for adding more complex elements to a webpage only function when paired with HTML/CSS.

This makes HTML/CSS ideal first programming languages to learn for anyone aspiring to work in web development or software engineering. HTML/CSS are front end languages meaning that they are used to create the part of a website users interact with directly. Higher level back end languages like JavaScript, Python, and SQL are easier to pick up after learning HTML/CSS. Web Designers who plan to work on both ends, as Full Stack Developers, need to learn both front and back end languages.

HTML and CSS are also used to code attractive and functioanl emails, which are a big part of most companies' digital marketing strategy. While the languages are the same, coding techniques for web pages and emails are slightly different. Learning HTML and CSS can also help start a career in Digital Marketing.

Other Uses for HTML & CSS

HTML and CSS are plain text files often written in a code editor such as Sublime Text or Visual Studio Code. It is also used by the editors of Content Management Systems (CMS) such as WordPress to allow Developers to customize WordPress sites. For example, knowing HTML and CSS lets you go into the code view of the WordPress editor to see what code it has written for you, change or fix the code, or add your own code. You can also use HTML and CSS to edit WordPress themes that determine the appearance of your website.

Just as HTML and CSS are used to make a blog more engaging, you can use them to create dynamic emails, too. HTML Email marketing platforms such as MailChimp often give you a code view to see and change the code they have written, or you can write your own HTML and CSS instead of using their pre-made templates. Learning HTML/CSS lets you customize your content in the way you prefer. You can create emails that match the look and style of a company website to build brand recognition with a similar layout and organization, color palette, and fonts. Customers will instantly recognize the email as being from your company.

What to Learn After HTML/CSS?

Essentially, learning HTML and CSS is the first step to learning to code. This teaches you how websites work and gives you a basic understanding of programming. When you are ready to add to your programming skills, you can try other languages like JavaScript, Python, or SQL.

JavaScript

JavaScript is used on 97 percent of all websites and mobile applications. It works with HTML and CSS to make websites more dynamic and interactive. Once you have mastered the basics, JavaScript is the next language to learn. Anything on a website that moves–animations, embedded videos, dropdown menus, and pop-ups–is created with JavaScript.

JavaScript is popular because it is easy to use, versatile, and scalable, with regular updates and a supportive community of users. Numerous frameworks and libraries like React, jQuery, Angular, and Express.js are collections of pre-written code Web Developers can use to save time. Another advantage of JavaScript programming is the ability to update websites without reloading the browser.

Sign up for Noble Desktop's JavaScript Development Certificate to learn the skills necessary to create dynamic and engaging websites and apps. Learn to use Browser Application Programming Interfaces and third-party frameworks and libraries to make stunning interactive applications.

If your goal is to find a job as a Web Developer, Noble's Full Stack Web Development Certificate gives you the front and back end skills you need to develop and maintain websites for companies or clients. The course starts with HTML and CSS and moves on to Flexbox, Grid, and Bootstrap. The course includes three JavaScript classes, plus React. You can also add SQL Bootcamp and WordPress Bootcamp to the course. This is the best way to prepare for a career as a Web Developer.

React

Among the thousands of JavaScript libraries, React is the one most used by developers. React is a block of code called a component that can be used over and over to save time. Learning to create components is an important method for improving your coding workflow. Noble Desktop's React Development Bootcamp covers creating components and using them to build multiple web applications. This class is part of Noble's JavaScript Development Certificate.

Python

Python is another common programming language. It is used by Data Scientists who work with artificial intelligence and machine learning, particularly in medical diagnostics, robotics, and cloud computing. Python's many pre-written libraries are useful for automated tasks like number crunching and error checks. Developers rely on Python for software testing and bug tracking. Some of the most popular libraries are Pandas, Matplotlib, SciPy, and NumPy.

Another advantage of Python is that it is an open-source language. Programmers can edit code, customize it to fit their projects, and share changes with others in collaboration. A vibrant community has grown up among Python users, and this can help Web Developers and Data Scientists to find jobs.

Noble Desktop offers a Python Developer Certificate for people who want to learn Python coding to build a career as a Web Developer or Data Scientist. The course includes two classes, Python Programming Bootcamp and Python Web Development with Django. The Python Programming Bootcamp covers Python fundamentals and error checking, and the Django class includes task automation and using Django REST with images, API endpoints, and authentication.

SQL

SQL, or Structured Query Language, manages relational databases, which are collections of information that are connected in some way. The data are arranged in tables and queries tell the program to add, change, or collect data from the tables. These databases can be quite large and SQL has been the standard language for managing big data for over forty years.

SQL Bootcamp from Noble Desktop teaches beginning students to write code to retrieve and analyze collections of data. The course covers SQL GUI, creating tables, views, joins, functions, and external data connections. Students will use PostgreSQL, although the information applies to SQL Server and MySQL.

Some other coding languages to learn after HTML/CSS are Go, Java, C, C#, C++, and Ruby, depending on what you need to do. Once you have learned one or two languages, it generally gets easier to pick up others.

HTML/CSS Careers

HTML/CSS skills are the foundation of several different careers. Learning these languages is a good way to get started with coding before learning other languages and a good way to start when building a career as a Web Designer, Web Developer, or Software Engineer. HTML/CSS skills are useful to Digital Marketers and Content Managers, too.

Web Designers

Web Designers are responsible for the look and feel of a website. They need to make sure an application is attractive, intuitive, and easy to use. Web Designers need to consider the client's brand when choosing the color palette, typefaces, and layout of the site. They also need to make sure the site will work on a variety of different devices and that it meets users' needs.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports Web Designers earn a median yearly salary around $80,000. The field is expected to grow by 16 percent in the next ten years, which is much faster than the national average. The states with the highest employment level of Web Designers are California, New York, Washington, Texas, and Florida, and the cities with the most web design jobs are New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, San Jose, Washington, D.C., Dallas, Atlanta, Chicago, and Boston.

Web Developers

Web Developers use HTML, CSS, JavaScript and other languages to build and maintain websites. The field is separated into three concentrations: front end, back end, and full stack web development. Front End Developers create the parts of the website that users see and interact with. They work closely with Web Designers to code the visual elements to bring the design alive. This is often referred to as user-facing development.

Back End Developers work with languages like Java, Python, and PHP at the server level. They make sure the website operates the way it is supposed to through testing and debugging. A Full Stack Developer works from both ends to create and maintain the full website.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, job openings for web development professionals are expected to grow about 23% over the next decade, significantly higher than the national average. While salaries will vary based on location and experience, web development is a fairly lucrative career field, with salaries similar to Web Designers at $80,000 annually. Like Web Designers, the states with the most Web Developer jobs are California, New York, Washington, Texas, and Florida. The cities with the most web development jobs are New York City, Seattle, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, Miami, Chicago, San Francisco, Minneapolis, Dallas, and Philadelphia.

Software Engineers

HTML/CSS skills are also vital for Software Engineers because HTML/CSS and JavaScript are the most important languages for building user interfaces and displays. Software engineering takes web development a step further. Unlike Web Developers who create single applications and websites, Software Engineers work at the operating system level. They often have college degree in computer science. Many people begin with creating websites and go on for more training to become Software Engineers.

According to the BLS, software development jobs are expected to grow by about 25% over the upcoming decade. These high-paying jobs carry a median salary near $124,000 a year. The states offering the largest number of jobs for Software Developers are California, Texas, New York, Washington, and Virginia. Cities with the highest employment level in the field are New York City, San Jose, Seattle, Washington, D.C., San Francisco, Boston, Los Angeles, Dallas, Atlanta, and Chicago.

Digital Marketers

Website development is not the only way you can use HTML and CSS skills. Digital Marketers use online tools to promote products, services, and organizations. That includes using these languages to create attractive emails and social media posts, which are important parts of digital marketing.

Email Marketers

Although it is one of the oldest methods of digital marketing, email is still a very effective way of connecting with customers. Email marketing can strengthen a brand by sharing valuable content and keeping the company uppermost in customers' minds. The best way to do this is with dynamic and attractive emails created with HTML. You can add visual interest with colors, images, different fonts, backgrounds, and videos. Sending HTML emails is different from regular emails, so taking a class to learn this skill will help you if you want to work as a Digital Marketer.

Social Media Marketers

Another form of digital marketing is social media marketing, which involves promoting a business, group, or individual through social media platforms. Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok are some of the best known platforms, but there are many available. Each platform appeals to a slightly different audience, and Social Media Marketers need to determine which platforms are the best for the message they are amplifying. Just like with emails, HTML and CSS are useful for creating eye-catching social media posts that draw followers to a website.

Content Marketers

You can have the best-looking, most efficient website on the internet, but without good quality content that visitors value, you won't see much traffic and won't get many conversions or sales. In order to manage content effectively, Content Marketers use Content Marketing Systems (CMS) like WordPress, Magento, Drupal, or Textpattern. HTML and CSS allow you to make sure your content looks the way you want in different environments and easily move your content to other systems.

According to the employment website Glassdoor.com, Digital Marketers in the US earn a median yearly salary of $68,000. Like web design and web development, digital marketing jobs are plentiful and expected to grow faster than the national average through the next decade.

Freelance Developers

If you want to build a freelance coding career, learning HTML and CSS is a good way to start. Working as a freelancer usually means being an independent contractor instead of working as an employee of a company. Some advantages of freelancing are being able to set your own hours and schedule, determine your own prices, and decide when you want to work and when you want to take time off. Freelance work can be a good way to ease into a new career because you can decide how much work you can take on, so you can work at HTML/CSS coding when you have time. The downside of freelancing is not always having a steady amount of work. You also have to do your own marketing to find projects and then handle the billing and tax forms as well. It can take time to build a freelance career but coding is one of the easiest ways to find freelance work.

It can be difficult to determine how much freelance Web Developers make because they set their own rates and are free to work for whatever they want to charge. When starting out, freelancers usually set their fees very low, but as they gain experience and a reputation, freelance Web Developers can charge more and work up to around $75,000 a year, which is close to the median for Web Developers employed by companies. However, freelancers are responsible for their own healthcare costs and retirement savings, at least in the US, so that is a drawback. Many people still feel the freedom is worth the sacrifices.

Are HTML & CSS Hard to Learn?

Compared with other programming languages like Java, Python, and SQL, HTML, and CSS are easier to learn, and HTML is the simpler of the two languages. The simple format mostly involves wrapping tags around content. CSS is a step up in complexity. It's a much bigger language with some concepts that are not as intuitive, although many of them are easy to learn and use. Experience with technology, motivation, and interest go a long way toward success when it comes to learning new skills. Signing up for a class helps when learning HTML and CSS. Students can choose between in-person, live online, and on-demand video classes depending on personal preference and availability.

How Long Will it Take to Learn HTML/CSS?

The amount of time it takes to learn HTML and CSS depends on several factors. First, how do you plan to learn HTML/CSS? You can teach yourself to code by watching online tutorials or using workbooks. YouTube is full of free tutorials and most public libraries carry books on learning HTML and CSS. The downside here is that it can take quite a bit of time, and you don't have an instructor to answer questions and demonstrate best practices. Noble Desktop has a free seminar called Intro to Front End Web Development, where beginners can get an idea if working as a Web Developer is the right choice for them.

Signing up for a class is the quickest and most efficient way to learn HTML and CSS. The downside here is that you need to pay for most in-person and online classes, but you can choose a course that fits your budget. Classes also take time, especially if they include homework assignments, so you need to take a look at your personal schedule when you decide to learn HTML and CSS.

HTML/CSS Classes

You can choose from many options when signing up for HTML/CSS classes. If you are completely new to programming, you can choose an introduction to web development and computer programming. If your eventual goal is to change to a career as a Web Developer, a more comprehensive training program that teaches additional complementary programming languages, like JavaScript, is a good choice.

Another choice for students is between a bootcamp class and a certification course. Bootcamp classes are intensive one or two-day classes with an intensive focus on one topic or skill. Certification classes are made up of several bootcamps in order to teach the skills needed to start a new career. You can often start with a bootcamp course and then decide to continue on to a certification course. The bootcamp class usually counts toward the certification course.

Both type of classes include exercises designed to help students cement the skills they are learning in class. In certification courses, the collection of exercises form a coding portfolio to demonstrate students' skills to prospective employers. Some certification courses also include job search assistance, portfolio review, and a session on how to take a coding exam during an interview.

Noble Desktop offers a Front-End Web Development Certificate for people who want to switch to a career as a Web Developer. This class is designed for coding novices and introduces beginners to the basics of developing the user-facing elements of a web application using HTML/CSS and JavaScript. Students will learn the basics of these programming languages as well as how to apply them to complex web development projects, including webpages, ecommerce stores, and informational websites. This is a career-focused training program, so the goal is to prepare students to be ready to go to work as Web Developers as soon as they complete the course. In addition to training in HTML/CSS and JavaScript, students will receive career development assistance, including a portfolio-building seminar and one-on-one career mentorship sessions.

Noble also has Web Development with HTML & CSS. This course is a good choice if you aren’t ready to enroll in a career development program, but are looking for guided instruction in the fundamentals of HTML/CSS. This introductory course helps students build a programming foundation, and the class exercises provide insight into what these languages can do. Courses like this are a great opportunity to find out if working with HTML/CSS is right for you.

Students looking for a robust training course will find that many service providers offer web development and design bootcamps that teach HTML/CSS as a part of their curriculum. Students will conclude the course with a pair of career-focused capstone projects, one in which students design and program a complex web application and another in which they build a web design portfolio to take with them on their job search.

There are many options for introductory, beginner-friendly HTML/CSS lessons that aim to give students a handle on the language. These include classes like ONLC Training Centers’s Programming in HTML5, Ledet Training’s Open Source HTML & CSS 101, Training Connection’s HTML5 and CSS Advanced course, and Certstaffix Training’s HTML5 & Cascading Style Sheets 3 course. These classes provide students with useful HTML/CSS skills likewriting and debugging code that they can build on in more advanced HTML/CSS and web development training courses.

This is only a small sampling of the HTML/CSS classes that are available. To find more options, check out Noble Desktop’s Classes Near Me tool to find and compare in-person and live online HTML/CSS classes in your area.

In-person or Online

Once you’ve decided to learn HTML/CSS, you can choose whether to sign up for in-person or live online training. In either kind of class, students will receive real-time instruction from an expert in the field of web development, and they will be able to receive personalized feedback and assistance with their work. However, there are meaningful differences between the two kinds of classes, so students should consider their own learning styles and preferences before enrolling in a class.

Many people prefer the advantages offered by in-person training programs. Learning in a dedicated classroom space can feel more comfortable. Many people find the design of the classroom helps to minimize distractions. Students may also prefer to work face-to-face with their instructors since this can feel more direct and personal. Finally, working in a classroom setting pairs students with a cohort of like-minded classmates with whom they can network and collaborate. The drawback to in-person classes is that students are required to commute. It takes time to drive to class and find and pay for parking or to take public transportation and walk to class. This can be restrictive for students who don’t live near major cities since this is where most in-person classes are taught.

If you don't have access to an in-person class, you can learn HTML/CSS online. You have two choices when it comes to online programming instruction: on-demand and live online courses. On-demand training is built around pre-recorded video sessions that you can watch from your home, office, or anywhere with a strong internet connection where you won't be disturbed. You can proceed through the material at your own pace and repeat sections or whole videos if you choose. Some on-demand programs assign students an instructor who can answer questions or discuss their assignments, but these remote instructors are usually asynchronous, which means that you don't connect in real time and have to wait for answers. An advantage of on-demand classes is that they are often less expensive than live online sessions. One disadvantage is that because they are pre-recorded, they sometimes don't reflect the most recent developments in the field.

The best way to learn HTML/CSS without having to travel is through live online courses. These classes are held in a private digital classroom and are taught by live, expert instructors lecturing in real time. You will still be able to ask questions and receive feedback and assistance on your work, but you won’t have to commute to a training facility. Students can enroll in classes taught virtually anywhere and learn programming skills on their own devices. Live online classes usually run concurrently with an in-person class, so students who log in through a video conferencing platform can interact with the instructor and other students just as they can in in-person sessions. These classes meet at a specific time and day and usually cost the same as an in-person class. Some people find that it takes more personal motivation to attend and keep up with class assignments in an online class than in an in-person setting, but this can be an important test of your desire to change to a new career as a Web Developer.

Elizabeth Gleesing

Elizabeth Gleesing is a university instructor and content writer at Noble Desktop. She earned her PhD in English from Syracuse University in 2023 with research focusing on how documentaries incorporate digital and new media technologies. Her research into artificial intelligence, data analysis, and emerging technologies informs her content writing as she frequently works on articles related to careers in data science, data analytics, AI, and related software.

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New media & emerging technologies

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PhD in English from Syracuse University

MA in English Studies from Western Washington University

BA in English from the University of Washington

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Learn More About HTML & CSS Courses

What Are HTML & CSS?

What is HTML?

What is CSS?

Why Learn HTML & CSS?

Other Uses for HTML & CSS

What to Learn After HTML/CSS?

JavaScript

React

Python

SQL

HTML/CSS Careers

Web Designers

Web Developers

Software Engineers

Digital Marketers

Email Marketers

Social Media Marketers

Content Marketers

Freelance Developers

Are HTML & CSS Hard to Learn?

How Long Will it Take to Learn HTML/CSS?

In-person or Online

Top Bootcamp Programs That Include HTML & CSS

HTML & CSS Courses by School

Open Source HTML & CSS 101

HTML Part 1

HTML Part 2

CSS Part 1

CSS Part 2

HTML & CSS

HTML5 & Cascading Style Sheets 3

Responsive Web Development with HTML & CSS

Front-End After-Hours Coding Bootcamp

HTML5 Class: Fundamentals Training

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) Fundamentals - Introduction & Intermediate

HTML/CSS, Javascript Boot Camp

Digital Training & Designs

Adobe Dreamweaver Level 1: Foundations of Web Design

Adobe Dreamweaver Level 2: Designing Websites with CSS

Getting the Most Out of HTML & CSS

HTML & CSS Corporate & Onsite Training Noble Desktop

HTML & CSS Training Map & Top Locations

40 Courses Available Live Online

10 Courses Available in Chicago

6 Courses Available in Los Angeles

6 Courses Available in NYC

6 Courses Available in Baltimore

5 Courses Available in San Francisco

4 Courses Available in Washington, D.C.

4 Courses Available in Phoenix

3 Courses Available in Boston

3 Courses Available in Charlotte

3 Courses Available in Denver

3 Courses Available in Detroit

3 Courses Available in Houston

2 Courses Available in Austin

2 Courses Available in Virginia

2 Courses Available in NJ

2 Courses Available in Orlando

2 Courses Available in St. Louis

2 Courses Available in Tampa

1 Course Available in Miami

1 Course Available in Atlanta

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